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Chapter 13-STRUCTURES
User defined data types are created with th help of struct or class keywords .Astructure type is a user-defined composite type.It is composed of fields or membes that can have different types.In C++,a structue is the same as a class except that its membes are public by default.
Structures are declared with the truct keyword . The format is :
struct<struct tag>
{
member definition;
member definition;
:
:
:
member definition;
}[one or more structure variables];
For example
struct person
{
char name[20];
int age;
}p,p1,p2;
STRUCTURE TAG
A structure tag name can be used to declare variable of a structure type.
Structure elements::
The members of a structure are called structure elements .Structure elements are referenced through the dot'.' ir arrow '->' operators.
typedef.Every variable has a data type .typedef is used to define new data type names to make a progam more readable to the programmer
For example
main()
{
int money
money=2;)
The main use for typedef is to define structures.For example :
typedef struct {int age ;char *name } person ;
person people ;
reference structure .
Function can return structures or its reference.Structure can be passed to function either by passing its elements individually or by passing the entire structure .By default a structure variable is passed to a function by value but the array of structure s passed by reference.
Nested structure:
C++ enables you to nest one structure definition within another .This technique saves time when you are writing programs that use similar structures.